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Manhattanville College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college offering undergraduate and graduate degrees, located in Purchase, New York. Founded in 1841 at 412 Houston Street in Manhattan, it was known initially as Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart. Manhattanville's mission is to "educate students to become ethically and socially responsible leaders for the global community".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Manhattanville College )〕 The school moved to its current location in Purchase, New York in 1952. Approximately 1,700 undergraduate and 1,000 graduate students attend Manhattanville. Manhattanville students come from 76 countries and 48 states.".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=UndergraduateAdmissions )〕 The architectural and administrative centerpiece of the Manhattanville campus, Reid Hall (1864) is named after Whitelaw Reid, owner of the ''New York Tribune''. On either side of Reid Hall stand academic buildings on one side and on the other residence halls around a central quad designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park. The Manhattanville community regards the central quad and buildings as representing the academic vision of the college’s commitment to integrated learning and centered strengths. Other historic buildings include Lady Chapel, the President’s Cottage known as the Barbara Debs House, the old Stables, and Water Tower. ==History== The Academy of the Sacred Heart (1841-1917) Manhattanville traces its origins to an Academy of the Sacred Heart founded nearly 175 years ago on the Lower East Side of New York City. In August 1841 the Society of the Sacred Heart (RSCJ), a Catholic religious order dedicated to the education of young women, established an academy at 412 Houston Street. In September 1844 the boarding school moved to Ravenswood in Astoria, Queens. However, within two years the location proved too remote. In 1847 the growing Academy relocated to the former estate of Jacob Lorillard in the village of Manhattanville on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. At the time the town was still eight miles north of New York City. By the Civil War the Manhattanville Academy counted 280 pupils. The Academy was always diverse with a substantial proportion of the student body from Latin America and Europe. In 1880 the Academy began offering a two-year post-high school program for its students, foreshadowing a future in higher education. The College of the Sacred Heart (1917-1937) In the early Twentieth Century higher education opportunities for women increased as many academies transitioned to colleges. On March 1, 1917 the Academy of the Sacred Heart in Manhattanville received a Provisional Charter from the Regents of the State of New York to offer undergraduate degrees as The College of the Sacred Heart. The first degrees were given in 1918. The Absolute Charter was signed May 29, 1919. As the college grew, the city of New York also expanded northward, transforming the surrounding area from a rural village to a diverse neighborhood of Manhattan bordered by Harlem and Morningside Heights. In 1935, The College of the Sacred Heart was accredited by the prestigious Association of American Universities. The name was officially changed to Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart in 1937.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://annex.mville.edu/undergraduate/academics/library/special-collections/manhattanville-timeline.html )〕 Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart (1937-1966) In the 1930s the Manhattanville student body consisted of approximately 200 students. Though small, the college made headlines across the country for taking a strong position promoting racial equality decades before the Civil Rights Movement. In May 1933 students created the "Manhattanville Resolutions" a document that pledged an active student commitment to racial justice. This commitment was tested when the first African-American student was admitted to the college in 1938. Alumni response to an integrated student body was mixed. While the vast majority of letters praised Manhattanville for its courageous action, President Grace Dammann, RSCJ, viewed the negative responses as an opportunity to open hearts and minds. At the annual Class Day reunion on May 31, 1938, President Dammann delivered a passionate speech entitled "Principles Versus Prejudices." She stated that education is the key to rising above prejudices. "The more we know of man’s doing and thinking throughout time and throughout the world’s extent, the more we understand that beauty and goodness and truth are not the monopoly of any age nor of any group nor of any race." The speech went on to be published in several national publications and established Manhattanville as a leader in higher education and human rights. When President Dammann passed away suddenly in 1945, The New York Times obituary summarized her life’s work with the headline, "Mother Dammann, College President: Head of Manhattanville Since 1930 Dies--Champion of Racial Equality." Manhattanville would continue its work in social action first through the National Federation of Catholic College Students and to this day with the Duchesne Center for Religion and Social Justice and the Connie Hogarth Center for Social Action. As was the case for many colleges following World War II, neighboring City College struggled to accommodate the growing college student population. In 1946 the mayor of New York City formed a special commission to investigate the resource needs of the city’s public education. Their recommendations would have particularly extensive ramifications for the future of Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart. In February 1949 The New York Times reported City College was campaigning to acquire the Manhattanville campus to expand their facilities. The same month City College distributed a pamphlet entitled "No Other Place to Go: A City College Plea for Purchase of the Manhattanville Property." The Board of Estimate agreed and deeded the campus to City College via eminent domain. In September 1949, the Manhattanville Board of Trustees purchased the Reid Estate in Westchester County. The next two years saw condemnation proceedings work through the State Supreme Court System. Manhattanville was eventually given $8,808,620 for the campus and buildings. A groundbreaking ceremony was held at the new campus in Purchase, New York on May 3, 1951. The campus was completed in October 1952.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://annex.mville.edu/undergraduate/academics/library/special-collections/manhattanville-timeline.html )〕 Manhattanville College (1966–present) With additional facilities and space to grow, the student population increased from 400 students in 1950 to 700 students by 1960. Over the course of the next decade the student population doubled once again, reaching 1,400 students by 1970. Manhattanville was a microhistory of the societal transformation in the Catholic Church, higher education, and American society as a whole during the 1960s. In 1966 the Board of Trustees voted to amend the college charter and remove the words "of the Sacred Heart" from the college name. This marked an important moment in the secularization of the college. Between 1966 and 1970 the Manhattanville administration oversaw the gradual removal of Catholic symbols and traditions from the campus. Although the college had been operated by an independent Board of Trustees since its founding, it was strongly identified with the Roman Catholic Church, and these changes were difficult for the community. In 1969 the College Charter was expanded to include the education of both women and men. The first coeducational freshman class entered in August 1971. In 1973 the student academic experience evolved due to an important campus study funded by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Interviews with the Manhattanville community led to the development of the Portfolio System, a personalized and guided self-assessment charting the development of each student. Today the ATLAS program continues this tradition. In 1965 the college introduced its first graduate program, a Masters of Arts in Teaching. The fifty years since have seen a remarkable growth of graduate programs. Since 1993, the School of Graduate and Professional Studies, now the School of Business, has developed masters and certificate programs in a variety of professional and business fields. In 2012 Manhattanville’s Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing Degree Program was formally approved. The first doctoral program was introduced in 2010 with the Ed.D. in Educational Leadership from the School of Education. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manhattanville College」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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